Ingenol is primarily utilized in the field of dermatology for the treatment of actinic keratosis, a precancerous skin condition caused by prolonged sun exposure. It works by inducing cell death in the affected skin cells and stimulating an immune response to clear the damaged tissue. The compound is derived from the sap of the Euphorbia peplus plant and has been formulated into topical gels for easy application. Its mechanism involves promoting rapid necrosis of the targeted cells while also activating protein kinase C, which plays a role in immune system activation. This dual action makes it effective in reducing the risk of these lesions progressing to skin cancer. Additionally, ingenol has been explored for its potential in treating other skin conditions and cancers, though these applications are still under research. Its use is closely monitored due to its potent biological activity, ensuring safety and efficacy in clinical settings.