5beta-Hydroxycinobufagin is a bufadienolide compound derived from traditional Chinese medicine sources, such as toad venom, and is primarily studied for its potential therapeutic applications in cancer treatment. Research indicates that it exhibits significant anti-tumor properties, particularly in inhibiting the growth and proliferation of various cancer cells, including liver, lung, and colorectal cancers. It has been observed to induce apoptosis, or programmed cell death, in cancer cells, making it a promising candidate for developing anti-cancer drugs. Additionally, it has shown potential in enhancing the efficacy of existing chemotherapy treatments by sensitizing cancer cells to these therapies. Beyond oncology, preliminary studies suggest it may have applications in treating inflammatory conditions due to its ability to modulate immune responses. Further research is ongoing to explore its full therapeutic potential and safety profile.