Ellipticine hydrochloride is primarily used in research and experimental settings to study its potential anticancer properties. It functions as an intercalating agent, inserting itself into DNA and inhibiting the replication of cancer cells. This mechanism has made it a subject of interest in the development of chemotherapeutic agents, particularly for its ability to target topoisomerase II, an enzyme crucial for DNA replication and repair. Additionally, it has been explored for its potential in treating various types of cancers, including leukemia and solid tumors. Its ability to induce apoptosis in cancer cells further enhances its therapeutic potential. However, its use is largely confined to laboratory studies due to its toxicity and the need for further optimization to improve selectivity and reduce side effects.