PolyphyllinⅥ is widely studied for its potent anticancer properties. It induces apoptosis in various cancer cell lines, including liver, lung, breast, and colorectal cancers, by triggering mitochondrial dysfunction and increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. It also inhibits cancer cell migration and invasion, suggesting potential use in preventing metastasis. In addition to its anticancer effects, PolyphyllinⅥ exhibits strong anti-inflammatory and antiviral activities. It has been shown to suppress pro-inflammatory cytokines, making it a candidate for managing inflammatory diseases. Research also indicates activity against viruses such as influenza and hepatitis B by interfering with viral replication processes. Due to its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, PolyphyllinⅥ is being explored for neuroprotective applications, particularly in models of ischemic stroke and neurodegenerative conditions. Its natural origin and multi-target biological effects make it a valuable compound in drug development and functional medicine research.