4β,12-Dihydroxyguaian-6,10-diene is a sesquiterpene compound found in certain medicinal plants, contributing to their defense mechanisms. It is used in biochemical research to study natural products with biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic properties. Studies have shown its activity in inhibiting cancer cells, particularly in leukemia and breast cancer cell lines. It also serves as a natural product-derived scaffold and starting material for synthesizing derivatives in drug development, and as a reference standard for analyzing compounds in natural products, especially in quality control of herbal medicines and health products containing plants that produce this group of substances.