Cucurbitacin B is primarily known for its potent biological activity, especially in the field of cancer research. It has demonstrated strong anti-cancer properties by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting cell proliferation in various cancer cell lines, including breast, lung, liver, and colon cancers. Its ability to suppress the JAK-STAT3 signaling pathway makes it a valuable compound in targeting tumors that rely on this pathway for growth and survival. In traditional medicine, extracts containing Cucurbitacin B have been used for their anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. It also exhibits significant anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines and enzymes such as COX-2. Additionally, Cucurbitacin B shows promise as an insecticidal agent due to its natural role in plant defense. It deters herbivores and insects from feeding on plants, making it a candidate for use in natural pesticide formulations. Despite its therapeutic potential, its high toxicity and low bioavailability remain challenges for clinical use. Research is ongoing to develop derivatives or delivery systems that enhance its safety and effectiveness.