Apramycin sulfate salt is primarily used in veterinary medicine as an antibiotic to treat bacterial infections in animals, particularly in livestock such as cattle, pigs, and poultry. It is effective against a wide range of Gram-negative bacteria, including Escherichia coli and Salmonella species, which are common causes of gastrointestinal infections in animals. The compound is often administered orally or through feed, ensuring ease of use in agricultural settings.

In addition to its therapeutic applications, apramycin sulfate salt is also utilized in research to study bacterial resistance mechanisms and to develop new antibiotics. Its ability to inhibit protein synthesis in bacteria makes it a valuable tool for understanding microbial biology and antibiotic action.

Furthermore, it is sometimes employed in aquaculture to control bacterial diseases in fish and other aquatic organisms, contributing to the health and sustainability of aquatic farming practices. Its broad-spectrum activity and relatively low resistance development make it a reliable option in both clinical and research contexts.