Puromycin aminonucleoside is primarily used in biochemical research to study protein synthesis and cellular processes. It acts as an inhibitor of protein synthesis by mimicking the structure of aminoacyl-tRNA, causing premature termination of translation. This property makes it a valuable tool in experiments aimed at understanding ribosome function and the mechanisms of translation.

In cell biology, it is employed to select cells that have been genetically modified to express resistance to puromycin aminonucleoside. This allows researchers to isolate and study specific populations of cells, such as those expressing a particular gene or undergoing a specific cellular pathway.

Additionally, puromycin aminonucleoside is used in studies related to kidney diseases, particularly in the development of animal models for nephrotic syndrome. Its ability to induce proteinuria and glomerular damage in experimental models helps researchers investigate the pathophysiology of kidney disorders and test potential therapeutic interventions.

Overall, puromycin aminonucleoside serves as a critical reagent in molecular biology and biomedical research, aiding in the exploration of protein synthesis, genetic modifications, and kidney disease mechanisms.