Cefathiamidine is a first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic primarily used in the treatment of bacterial infections. It is effective against a range of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, making it a versatile broad-spectrum option for combating various infections. Commonly, it is administered to treat respiratory tract infections (such as pneumonia, bronchitis, and sinusitis), urinary tract infections (such as cystitis and pyelonephritis), and skin and soft tissue infections. Its mechanism of action involves inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis, which makes it particularly useful in managing severe infections where other antibiotics may be less effective or in cases of resistance.

Additionally, cefathiamidine is often used in clinical settings for patients who require a broad-spectrum antibiotic to prevent or treat infections following surgeries or in immunocompromised individuals. Its relatively low toxicity profile further supports its use in both adult and pediatric patients. Administration must be under medical supervision to prevent side effects and antibiotic resistance, with dosage and duration tailored to the patient's condition.