Cinoxacin is primarily used as an antibacterial agent, particularly effective against gram-negative bacteria. It is commonly prescribed for the treatment of urinary tract infections (UTIs), including cystitis and pyelonephritis, due to its ability to concentrate in the urine and inhibit bacterial growth. The compound works by interfering with bacterial DNA replication, making it a valuable option for patients with infections caused by susceptible organisms. Its use is often considered when first-line treatments are ineffective or unsuitable, providing an alternative for managing uncomplicated UTIs. However, its application has declined with the advent of newer antibiotics offering broader spectra and fewer side effects.