Rifapentine is primarily used in the treatment and prevention of tuberculosis (TB). It is often administered as part of combination therapy to treat active TB, particularly in cases where the bacteria are susceptible to its action. Its long half-life allows for less frequent dosing, making it a convenient option for patients. In addition, Rifapentine is used in latent TB infection regimens, where it is combined with other medications to prevent the progression to active disease. This application is especially useful in high-risk populations or individuals with recent exposure to TB. The drug is also being studied for its potential in shortening the duration of TB treatment, offering a more efficient therapeutic approach.