Ampicillin, a semi-synthetic penicillin antibiotic, is widely used in the pharmaceutical industry to treat a broad spectrum of bacterial infections, including respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, ear/nose/throat infections, and meningitis. Its structure features the essential beta-lactam core, which inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis, leading to bacterial cell death. Effective against many gram-positive and some gram-negative bacteria, ampicillin enables targeted therapy with good oral bioavailability. It is produced through acylation of 6-aminopenicillanic acid with D-(-)-phenylglycine, utilizing enzymatic and chemical processes for efficient, scalable manufacturing. Available in oral and injectable forms depending on infection severity.