Retapamulin is primarily used as a topical antibiotic for the treatment of bacterial skin infections. It is effective against Gram-positive pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. One of its main applications is in the management of impetigo, a common superficial skin infection, especially in children. Due to its unique mechanism of action—inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit—it is useful in cases where resistance to other antibiotics may be a concern. Retapamulin is formulated in ointment form and applied directly to affected skin areas, allowing for high local concentrations with minimal systemic absorption, which reduces the risk of systemic side effects. Its use is generally limited to short-term treatment of localized infections.