Used primarily as an antimicrobial agent, especially in the treatment of gastrointestinal and urogenital infections. It is effective against a range of bacteria and protozoa, including Trichomonas vaginalis and certain Enterobacteriaceae. Commonly formulated in oral and vaginal preparations for managing infections like bacterial vaginosis and trichomoniasis. Its mechanism involves disrupting microbial DNA synthesis and cellular metabolism, leading to pathogen inhibition. Often preferred for its low systemic absorption and favorable safety profile in topical applications.