Used as a preservative and antimicrobial agent in cosmetics and personal care products, particularly in anti-dandruff shampoos to inhibit Malassezia fungal growth on the scalp. Effective against bacteria, fungi, and yeast, it prevents microbial growth in formulations like shampoos, lotions, and creams. Also serves as a corrosion inhibitor in industrial water systems. Its chelating properties make it useful in metalworking fluids and cleaning agents. Stable over a wide pH range, allowing broad compatibility in various product types. Additionally, employed in laboratory research to study enzyme mechanisms and oxidation-reduction reactions.