Norfloxacin hydrochloride is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic that exerts its antibacterial effect by inhibiting the enzymes DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV in bacteria, thereby preventing DNA replication and bacterial proliferation. It is widely used as an antibacterial agent in both human and veterinary medicine. It is effective in treating urinary tract infections, gastrointestinal infections, and certain sexually transmitted diseases caused by susceptible bacteria. In addition, it is used in ophthalmic solutions to treat bacterial conjunctivitis and other eye infections. Its broad-spectrum activity makes it valuable in managing infections caused by Gram-negative and some Gram-positive bacteria. In aquaculture, it is employed to control bacterial diseases in fish and other aquatic organisms. The compound is also utilized in research settings to study bacterial resistance mechanisms and the efficacy of fluoroquinolone antibiotics. Use under medical supervision to avoid resistance and side effects.