Epetraborole hydrochloride is primarily used in the field of medical research and drug development, particularly as an investigational antibiotic. It has shown potential in combating bacterial infections, especially those caused by mycobacteria such as Mycobacterium abscessus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, as well as other resistant Gram-positive and select Gram-negative bacteria. Its mechanism of action involves inhibiting leucyl-tRNA synthetase, a critical enzyme for bacterial protein synthesis, making it effective against persistent and hard-to-treat infections. Researchers are exploring its application in treating diseases like nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease and tuberculosis, where traditional therapies have limited efficacy. Additionally, its role in addressing antibiotic resistance is a key focus, as it offers a novel approach to targeting resistant bacterial strains.