Ebselen is primarily known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, making it valuable in research and therapeutic development. It mimics the activity of glutathione peroxidase, an enzyme that protects cells from oxidative damage, and is studied for its potential in treating conditions involving oxidative stress, such as stroke, neurodegenerative diseases (like Alzheimer's and Parkinson’s), and hearing loss. It has also shown antiviral activity, including inhibition of the main protease of SARS-CoV-2, leading to investigation as a potential treatment for COVID-19. Additionally, ebselen exhibits neuroprotective and cardioprotective effects in preclinical models. Due to its low toxicity and favorable pharmacokinetics, it has been evaluated in clinical trials for ischemic stroke and noise-induced hearing loss. Its ability to modulate signaling pathways involved in inflammation and cell survival further supports its use as a research tool and drug candidate in multiple disease areas.