Used in traditional medicine, particularly in Asia, where extracts from Caesalpinia sappan wood containing sappanchalcone are applied for treating wounds, reducing swelling, and relieving pain due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.

In biochemical and pharmaceutical research, it exhibits potent anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting mediators such as cytokines and COX-2 enzymes, showing potential for treating chronic inflammatory conditions like rheumatoid arthritis.

It demonstrates antioxidant activity that protects cells from free radical damage, potentially aiding in anti-aging, cardiovascular health, and preventing chronic diseases.

Studies highlight its anticancer potential through induction of apoptosis in tumor cells, including liver and breast cancer cells. It also shows antimicrobial activity against various bacteria and fungi, positioning it as a candidate for natural preservatives and topical treatments.

Additionally, it inhibits diabetes-related enzymes like alpha-glucosidase, suggesting applications in blood sugar management. Research is investigating its neuroprotective effects in models of neurodegenerative diseases, further expanding its therapeutic prospects. Its natural properties make it promising for development into health products and cosmetics.