AZD9056 hydrochloride is primarily investigated for its potential therapeutic applications in the treatment of inflammatory diseases and pain management. It acts as a selective antagonist of the P2X7 receptor, which plays a significant role in the regulation of inflammatory responses. By inhibiting this receptor, it may help reduce inflammation and alleviate pain associated with conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Additionally, its mechanism of action is being explored for potential benefits in neurodegenerative diseases and mood disorders, where inflammation is a contributing factor. Research is ongoing to fully understand its efficacy and safety in clinical settings.