Rofecoxib is primarily used as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) to manage pain and inflammation. It is commonly prescribed for conditions such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and acute pain, including menstrual cramps. Its selective inhibition of the COX-2 enzyme helps reduce inflammation and pain with a lower risk of gastrointestinal side effects compared to non-selective NSAIDs. However, its use has been significantly restricted or discontinued in many countries due to increased cardiovascular risks associated with long-term use.