Parthenolide is primarily used in medical research due to its potential anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties. It is being studied for its ability to inhibit the growth of various cancer cells, including leukemia, breast cancer, and prostate cancer, by targeting specific pathways involved in cell survival and proliferation. Additionally, parthenolide has shown promise in reducing inflammation, making it a candidate for treating conditions like arthritis and other inflammatory diseases. Its role in inducing apoptosis (programmed cell death) in cancer cells while sparing normal cells is a key area of interest. Researchers are also exploring its potential in combination therapies to enhance the effectiveness of existing cancer treatments.