1,8-Dinitroanthraquinone is primarily used in the synthesis of dyes and pigments, particularly in the production of vat dyes. These dyes are known for their excellent colorfastness and are widely used in the textile industry for dyeing cotton, wool, and other natural fibers. The compound serves as an intermediate in the creation of complex dye molecules, contributing to vibrant and durable colors.

Additionally, it finds application in organic synthesis as a precursor for various chemical reactions. Its nitro groups make it a valuable building block for creating more complex organic compounds, which can be used in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and other specialty chemicals.

In research and development, 1,8-Dinitroanthraquinone is utilized in studies related to organic chemistry and material science, particularly in exploring new dye formulations and understanding reaction mechanisms. Its unique structure and reactivity make it a useful tool for advancing innovations in these fields.