Widely used in the textile industry as a redox mediator in vat dyeing processes, enhancing the solubility and penetration of dyes into fibers. It improves dyeing efficiency by facilitating electron transfer during the reduction and oxidation steps. Also employed in electrochemical applications, such as in flow batteries, where it acts as a stable redox-active compound for energy storage. Its sulfonate groups provide good water solubility and electrochemical stability, making it suitable for use in aqueous electrolyte systems. Additionally, it serves as an intermediate in the synthesis of certain dyes and pigments, contributing to color development and lightfastness.