Used primarily as a hole-transporting material (HTM) in the hole transport layer (HTL) of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). It facilitates the efficient transport of positive charges (holes) to the emissive layer, thereby improving device efficiency. Also employed in perovskite solar cells for its ability to form stable, high-quality films that enhance photovoltaic performance. Its high thermal stability and suitable energy levels make it effective in multilayer organic electronic devices. Commonly doped with other materials to increase conductivity and device longevity.