Dextran is widely used in the medical field as a plasma volume expander. It is administered intravenously to treat or prevent shock following severe blood loss, surgery, or trauma. Its high molecular weight helps retain fluid in the blood vessels, improving circulation and maintaining blood pressure.

In biotechnology, dextran serves as a stabilizer and carrier in various formulations, including vaccines and protein-based drugs. It helps protect active ingredients from degradation and enhances their delivery.

Dextran is also utilized in chromatography as a matrix for separating molecules based on size. Its porous structure makes it effective for gel filtration chromatography, particularly in protein purification and analysis.

In the food industry, dextran acts as a thickener, stabilizer, and texturizer in products like ice cream and sauces. It improves consistency and shelf life without altering taste.

Additionally, dextran is employed in research and diagnostics. It is used in cell culture media to mimic physiological conditions and in diagnostic assays to enhance sensitivity and accuracy.