Sodium bicarbonate is widely used in baking as a leavening agent. It helps dough rise by producing carbon dioxide gas when it reacts with acidic components like vinegar or lemon juice. In cooking, it is also used to tenderize meat and enhance the texture of vegetables. In cleaning, sodium bicarbonate serves as a gentle abrasive for scrubbing surfaces and removing stains. It is effective in deodorizing refrigerators, carpets, and shoes due to its ability to neutralize odors. Medically, it is used as an antacid to relieve heartburn and indigestion by neutralizing stomach acid. It is also administered intravenously to treat certain types of acidosis in emergency medical situations. In fire extinguishers, sodium bicarbonate is a key component in dry chemical extinguishers, particularly for grease and electrical fires, as it releases carbon dioxide to smother flames. Additionally, it is used in personal care products like toothpaste and deodorants for its mild abrasive properties and odor-neutralizing effects.