Chloramphenicol is widely used as an antibiotic to treat various bacterial infections. It is effective against a broad range of bacteria, including those causing respiratory tract infections, meningitis, and typhoid fever. It is also available in topical forms, such as eye drops, for treating bacterial eye infections like conjunctivitis. In veterinary medicine, it is used to treat infections in animals, particularly in livestock and pets. Additionally, it is applied in aquaculture to control bacterial diseases in fish and shellfish. Due to its potential side effects, such as bone marrow suppression and Gray Baby Syndrome in newborns, its use in humans is often reserved for serious infections when other antibiotics are ineffective or contraindicated. In research, chloramphenicol is used as a selective agent in molecular biology to isolate genetically modified organisms that carry resistance genes. Its role in treating infections and its utility in scientific studies make it a significant compound in both medical and research fields.