Oxolinic acid is a synthetic quinolone antibiotic primarily used in aquaculture as an antibacterial agent to treat infections caused by gram-negative bacteria in fish. It is effective against diseases such as furunculosis, vibriosis, and enteric redmouth disease, helping to maintain healthy fish populations in farms. In agriculture, it is applied to control bacterial infections in crops, particularly bacterial leaf blight in rice. Additionally, it has been studied for its potential use in human medicine, particularly in treating urinary tract infections, although its application in this field is limited compared to other antibiotics. Its broad-spectrum antibacterial properties make it a valuable tool in both aquatic and agricultural settings. Proper use is essential to prevent antibiotic resistance and environmental impacts.