4-Hydroxy-17β-estradiol is primarily used in research studies to investigate its role in estrogen metabolism and its potential effects on cellular processes. It is studied for its involvement in the formation of reactive oxygen species and its implications in oxidative stress-related conditions. This compound is also examined for its potential impact on hormone-dependent cancers, as it may influence estrogen receptor activity and contribute to tumorigenesis. Additionally, it is utilized in biochemical assays to understand its interactions with enzymes like cytochrome P450, which play a critical role in steroid hormone metabolism. Researchers also explore its potential as a biomarker for certain diseases linked to estrogen metabolism.