Diethylstilbestrol dipropionate is primarily used in veterinary medicine to treat estrogen deficiency in animals. It is commonly administered to livestock to promote growth and improve feed efficiency. In poultry, it is used to enhance egg production and regulate reproductive functions. Additionally, it has been employed in the treatment of certain hormonal imbalances and to manage conditions like postpartum agalactia in cows. Due to its potent estrogenic effects, it is also used in research settings to study hormone-related mechanisms and diseases. However, its use in humans has been largely discontinued due to significant health risks, including carcinogenic effects.