Dichloroacetic acid is primarily used in medical and biochemical research due to its ability to modulate metabolic processes. It is known for its role in inhibiting pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, which can help in the treatment of certain metabolic disorders, such as lactic acidosis and congenital mitochondrial diseases. Additionally, it has been explored for its potential in cancer therapy, as it can induce apoptosis in certain cancer cells by altering their metabolic pathways.

In the field of dermatology, dichloroacetic acid is utilized as a chemical peel agent to treat various skin conditions, including warts, acne scars, and hyperpigmentation. Its keratolytic properties help in the removal of dead skin cells, promoting skin regeneration.

In industrial applications, it serves as an intermediate in the synthesis of other chemicals, including pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. Its role in organic synthesis is significant due to its reactivity and ability to form various derivatives.

Furthermore, dichloroacetic acid is used in water treatment processes to control microbial growth and as a precursor in the production of disinfectants. Its antimicrobial properties make it effective in maintaining water quality in industrial and municipal systems.