Ethosuximide is primarily used in the treatment of absence seizures, a type of epilepsy characterized by brief, sudden lapses in attention. It works by stabilizing electrical activity in the brain, specifically targeting the thalamic region, which plays a key role in these seizures. This medication is often prescribed for children and adults experiencing absence seizures, also known as petit mal seizures. It is typically administered orally in the form of capsules or syrup. Ethosuximide is effective in reducing the frequency and severity of these seizures, improving the quality of life for patients. It is usually part of a broader treatment plan and may be used alongside other antiepileptic drugs. Regular monitoring is required to ensure proper dosage and to manage potential side effects, such as dizziness, nausea, or fatigue.