Aluminum oxide is widely used in the production of aluminum metal through the Hall-Héroult process. It serves as an abrasive in sandpapers, grinding wheels, and cutting tools due to its hardness and durability. In the ceramics industry, it is a key component in the manufacture of high-strength and heat-resistant materials, such as insulators and spark plugs. It is also employed as a catalyst support in chemical reactions, particularly in processes like dehydration and hydrogenation. Additionally, aluminum oxide is used in the production of refractory materials for lining furnaces and kilns, thanks to its high melting point and thermal stability. In electronics, it acts as an insulating layer in capacitors and semiconductor devices. Its use in water purification systems helps remove impurities and contaminants, making it essential in filtration applications.