Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) is widely used in the pharmaceutical industry as an excipient in drug formulations. It helps improve the solubility and stability of drugs, making it easier for the body to absorb them. PEG is also used as a base in ointments, creams, and suppositories due to its non-toxic and non-irritating properties.

In the field of biotechnology, PEG is employed in the modification of proteins and peptides to enhance their therapeutic properties. This process, known as PEGylation, increases the half-life of these molecules in the bloodstream, reducing the frequency of dosing required.

PEG is also utilized in the production of medical devices, such as hydrogels and coatings for implants, due to its biocompatibility and ability to resist protein adsorption. This makes it ideal for applications where minimizing immune response is crucial.

In the cosmetics industry, PEG serves as a moisturizing agent and thickener in various personal care products, including lotions, shampoos, and conditioners. Its ability to retain water helps keep the skin hydrated.

Additionally, PEG is used in industrial applications as a lubricant and plasticizer. It helps improve the flexibility and durability of materials such as plastics and rubber. Its water-soluble nature also makes it a key component in water-based lubricants and antifreeze solutions.

Other applications include use as a food additive to improve texture and viscosity, and in the textile industry as a fiber coating to reduce friction.