Octane, also known as n-octane, is a straight-chain saturated hydrocarbon (C₈H₁₈) commonly used as a non-polar solvent in organic synthesis and laboratory applications. As an analytical standard with high purity (≥99.5% by GC), it serves as a reference material for gas chromatography (GC) calibration, method validation, and instrument performance checks in petrochemical and environmental analysis. Its low octane rating (approximately -20) makes it unsuitable for enhancing fuel performance; instead, it is used in fuel research to simulate low-quality components that cause engine knocking. Additionally, n-octane is employed in the production of surfactants, lubricants, and as a starting material in petrochemical processes for synthesizing plastics, rubber, and other derivatives through cracking or reforming.