Used as a catalyst in the production of polyurethane foams, enhancing the reaction between isocyanates and polyols to control foam rise and cure. Also employed in the synthesis of epoxy resins as a curing agent, improving thermal and chemical resistance. Acts as a gas treating agent to remove CO₂ and H₂S from natural gas and refinery streams due to its strong basicity. Utilized in the manufacture of surfactants, pharmaceuticals, and biocides for its ability to form stable complexes and enhance reactivity. Commonly found in coatings, adhesives, and elastomers as a catalyst or crosslinking promoter.