Used as an antibiotic to treat bacterial infections, particularly tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Effective against a wide range of gram-negative bacteria (e.g., Yersinia pestis, Brucella spp.) and some gram-positive bacteria. Often used in combination with other antibiotics to prevent resistance. Applied in medical treatment for infections in the respiratory tract, urinary tract, and soft tissues; veterinary medicine; and agriculture to control bacterial diseases in plants. Also used in cell culture to prevent bacterial contamination. Caution: Potential side effects include ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity; use under medical supervision.