Used as a solvent in pharmaceuticals, dyes, and rubber processing due to its ability to dissolve both polar and nonpolar substances. Plays a key role in the synthesis of agrochemicals, herbicides, and insecticides. Commonly used as a reagent and catalyst in organic reactions, especially in acylation and esterification processes. Also serves as a denaturant for ethanol and is involved in the production of vitamins and drugs, including sulfonamides and antihistamines. Its derivatives are important in the development of various specialty chemicals and ligands in coordination chemistry.