Used primarily in research as a model compound for studying polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their nitro-derivatives due to its mutagenic and carcinogenic properties. It serves as a standard in environmental testing to detect and quantify nitro-PAH contamination in air, soil, and water, especially in urban and industrial areas. Commonly employed in toxicological studies to assess DNA damage and oxidative stress caused by environmental pollutants. Also used in combustion byproduct analysis, helping monitor diesel exhaust and industrial emissions. Its fluorescence properties make it useful in certain analytical detection methods.