Widely used as a biocide in water-based systems to prevent microbial growth. Effective in industrial water treatment, cooling towers, and paper manufacturing to control bacteria, fungi, and algae. Commonly added to paints, coatings, adhesives, and latex emulsions to preserve product integrity during storage and use. Also found in personal care products like shampoos and lotions as a preservative, though at low concentrations due to skin sensitivity concerns. Its broad-spectrum activity and fast-acting nature make it suitable for short-term microbial control in various aqueous environments.