Used primarily in scientific research as a model polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) to study carcinogenicity and environmental pollution. It serves as a reference compound in toxicology studies due to its strong mutagenic and tumorigenic properties. Also employed in environmental monitoring to assess contamination from combustion processes, such as vehicle emissions, industrial activities, and tobacco smoke. Its presence is often measured in soil, air, and water samples to evaluate exposure risks and long-term ecological impact.