Used primarily as an anticonvulsant medication to control seizures, especially in epilepsy. It works by stabilizing electrical activity in the brain, particularly by blocking voltage-dependent sodium channels, which reduces the spread of seizure activity. Also used in the treatment of certain types of arrhythmias and neuropathic pain. Commonly administered orally in tablet or capsule form, and occasionally given intravenously in emergency seizure management. Its long half-life allows for once or twice-daily dosing, making it suitable for long-term maintenance therapy.