Used in pharmaceuticals for pain relief, especially in topical creams for arthritis and neuropathic pain due to its ability to deplete substance P from nerve endings. Also utilized in self-defense sprays as an irritant for temporary incapacitation. Employed in research to study pain pathways and sensory neuron function. Occasionally added to some food products to enhance spiciness, though less common than capsaicin. Used in agriculture as an animal repellent to deter pests from crops.