Used in steel production to enhance strength and hardness. Activated carbon is widely applied in water and air purification due to its high adsorption capacity. Serves as an electrode material in batteries and fuel cells. Graphite form is used in lubricants, pencils, and as a moderator in nuclear reactors. Carbon fibers are critical in lightweight, high-strength composite materials for aerospace, automotive, and sports equipment. Also used in the form of diamond for cutting, drilling, and grinding tools. Increasingly important in nanotechnology, including carbon nanotubes and graphene for advanced electronics and materials.