Used in steel production to enhance strength and hardness. Activated carbon is widely applied in water and air purification due to its high adsorption capacity. Serves as an electrode material in batteries and fuel cells. Graphite form is used in lubricants, pencils, and as a moderator in nuclear reactors. Carbon fibers are critical in aerospace, automotive, and sports equipment for their lightweight and high-strength properties. Also used in the form of carbon black for reinforcing rubber in tires and in pigments for inks and coatings.