Used primarily in scientific research to study beta-adrenergic receptors due to its high affinity as a non-selective beta-blocker. It is valuable in radioligand binding assays, often labeled with iodine-125 (¹²⁵I) to map receptor distribution in tissues. Helps investigate receptor density, binding kinetics, and competitive binding of other compounds. Also used in cardiovascular research to understand the mechanisms of beta-blockade, though not used clinically as a therapeutic agent.