Used primarily as a reference standard in environmental testing, particularly in the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in air, water, soil, and biological samples. It helps in identifying and quantifying PAH contamination due to its known carcinogenic and mutagenic properties. Commonly employed in gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for calibration and method validation. Also utilized in research settings to study the metabolic pathways and toxicological effects of persistent organic pollutants.