Used primarily as a research compound in environmental and toxicological studies due to its presence as a pollutant in combustion byproducts. It serves as a marker for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contamination in air, soil, and water. Commonly analyzed in environmental monitoring to assess exposure risks from sources like vehicle exhaust, cigarette smoke, and grilled foods. Also utilized in laboratory settings to study carcinogenic mechanisms and metabolic activation of PAHs in biological systems.