Betulinic acid is widely studied for its anti-cancer properties, particularly due to its ability to induce apoptosis in tumor cells without harming normal healthy cells. It shows promising activity against melanoma, neuroblastoma, and cancers of the lung, colon, and prostate. Its mechanism involves targeting mitochondria, leading to the activation of caspases that drive programmed cell death.

In addition to oncology, betulinic acid exhibits strong anti-inflammatory and anti-viral effects. It has been investigated for use against HIV, where it inhibits viral entry and maturation by interfering with the assembly of new virus particles. Research also supports its role in managing skin conditions, as it promotes wound healing and reduces inflammation, making it valuable in dermatological formulations.

Due to its low toxicity and natural origin, betulinic acid is explored as a lead compound in developing safer pharmaceuticals and is increasingly incorporated into cosmetic products for its skin-protective and anti-aging benefits.